Research information on the internet related to prevention, current treatment and rehabilitation for patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Stroke, or Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Share the website and information with your classmates.

Research information on the internet related to prevention, current treatment and rehabilitation for patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Stroke, or Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).  Share the website and information with your classmates.

TBI is increasingly managed as a chronic condition rather than a one-time event, focusing on long-term brain health and neuroplasticity. 

Cantor Grana Buckner Bucci +3

• Prevention: Focuses on safety gear (helmets), fall prevention for the elderly, and “Return to Play” protocols in sports to prevent Second Impact Syndrome.
• Treatment: Acute care targets stabilizing intracranial pressure (ICP). Amantadine is a primary pharmacological treatment used 4–16 weeks post-injury to accelerate functional recovery.
• Rehabilitation: New 2025/2026 guidelines prioritize early heart-rate-targeted exercise and vestibular therapy. Technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) and Robotics are now core tools for cognitive and motor retraining.
• Resource: Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) — Provides a comprehensive “National Brain Injury Action Plan” and clinician guides. 
  National Institutes of Health (NIH) | (.gov) +8

Modern stroke care is defined by the “Time is Brain” principle, with 2026 guidelines broadening eligibility for rapid interventions. 

YouTube +2

• Prevention: Management of primary risk factors (hypertension, atrial fibrillation) and use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant medications like Aspirin or Apixaban.
• Treatment: Administration of tPA (Thrombolytics) within hours or Mechanical Thrombectomy (clot removal) has revolutionized survival rates for ischemic strokes.
• Rehabilitation: Focuses on Neuroplasticity-based strategies. Emerging therapies include Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) (FDA-approved for chronic stroke) and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) to bypass damaged neural pathways.
• Resource: American Stroke Association (ASA) — Hosts the most recent 2026 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. 
  Research and Reviews +4

SCI research is moving toward neuroregenerative therapies, aiming to repair rather than just manage the injury. 

ACS Publications +1

• Prevention: Primarily targets motor vehicle safety and workplace injury prevention.
• Treatment: “Time is Spine”—Decompressive surgery within 24 hours is critical for improving outcomes. Hemodynamic management now targets Spinal Cord Perfusion Pressure (SCPP) specifically, rather than just general blood pressure.
• Rehabilitation: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Robotic Exoskeletons (like Lokomat) are used to retrain gait. Epidural Stimulation is showing breakthroughs in restoring voluntary movement and autonomic functions like bladder control.
• Resource: Mayo Clinic – Spinal Cord Injury Care — Offers insights into advanced clinical trials, including Stem Cell and Neuromodulation therapies. 
  ACS Publications +4